Graham On The Mind Body Problem - 1502 Words

Elizabeth Clines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entity? Graham presents two different attempts to the mind/body problem known as dualism and physicalism. The mind/body problem is best described through the relative ideas of both dualism and physicalism. It’s crucial to first understand consciousness and intentionality. According to Graham, intentionality and consciousness are the two characteristics of the mental. Mental states are about something external to the mind itself (Lecture on 3/24/15). Intentionality is described as the outward directedness of the mind: what the mental state is directed at, or what the mental state is of or about (Graham 31). For example, the emotion of love is an intentional mental state because one feels love for something other than itself. Fear is also an intentional mental state because the fear is directed towards the object that one fears. Consciousness, on the other hand, is the first person self-awareness of one’s mental states. One knows and understands exactly what they areShow MoreRelatedIntentionality And Consciousness And The Characteristics Of The Mental1441 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers. What constitutes our mental thoughts? Putting characteristics together to describe â€Å"The Mental† is something that Graham has done in order to try and explain the ongoing phenomenon of the Mind-Body problem. Philosophers and writers, including Graham, have developed, and held onto the ideas that Intentionality and Consciousness are directly related to the Mind-Body problem. They use these two factors to come up with true reasoning as to why we think and react the way that we do and what drivesRead MoreReasons for the Rejection of Anti-Realism in Relation to Mental Disorders 1422 Words   |  6 Pagesrelation to mental disorders by psychologist George Graham of Georgia State University. In this essay I w ill explain the relevance of realism and anti-realism as well as present two arguments that Graham proclaims support anti-realism. This analysis of Graham’s thoughts and ideas on anti-realism and mental disorders will be squarely based upon the information supplied by Graham in his book titled, The Disordered Mind. In this book, the realist minded Graham develops and ultimately supports a non-reductiveRead MoreMoral Skepticism About Mental Disorders1574 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorders, while taken for granted by most people, is disputed by moral skeptics. Moral skepticism is the view that mental disorders do not exist and that it is wrong to label someone as having a mental disorder. In his book, The Disordered Mind, George Graham discusses moral skepticism at great length and offers his contrasting viewpoint. In this essay, I will discuss Graham’s view of moral skepticism and contrast that with the views of one of moral skepticism’s greatest proponents, Thomas SzaszRead MoreBob Graham And The President Of Florida1486 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bob Graham has an accomplished career in public service in the Florida and United States Congress. Rising through the public-school system in Dade County, Florida, Graham graduated in the 1950s and then attended the University of Florida and Harvard Law School. Four years after being admitted to the Florida Bar, he ran a successful campaign for the Florida State House of Representatives and served there until he ran for the Florida State Senate in 1970, where he worked for eight yearsRead MoreThe Black Table By Lawrence Otis Graham964 Words   |  4 Pageswith others. In this case, Graham felt that those African Americans that would sit at the black table were isolating themselves. He would make these theories while in solidarity, only to realize that forms of isolation still currently take place in all social groups. Adolescence are the years that teenagers develop their emotional states largely through contact with others. Without this contact, an adolescent obtains a distorted pe rception of oneself, similar to Graham. This preferred isolation contributesRead MoreSecrets of the Mind Essay example929 Words   |  4 PagesRufus Bryant National American University Composition I-WI12-EN1150 Final Draft Secrets of the Mind This summary is based on a video series, found on YouTube, depicting the findings of neurologist, Dr. V.S. Ramachandran. Ramachandran is noted for his use of experimental methods that rely relatively little on complex technologies such as neuroimaging. According to Ramachandran, too much of the Victorian sense of adventure [in science] has been lost. In the case of Derek Steen, who is sufferingRead MoreCultural, Ethical and Legal Considerations in Psychological Testing1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthey are working in. Across cultures, there are different practices, with similarities and differences that is why test fairness, race norming, and differential prediction should be considered before concluding pieces of information. Reference: Graham, J.R. (1984). Psychological Testing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall Inc. Aiken, L.R. (1971). Psychological Testing and Assessment, Eighth Edition. Needham Heights, Massachusetts: Simon amp; Schuster Inc. Whiting, G. amp; Ford, D. (2003)Read MoreReflections on Old Age with Billy Graham Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesof all ages. Graham also discusses two major themes of adult development: retirement and primary aging. His book can be used to help professionals working with older adults in a variety of ways. One of the most significant ideas from Billy Graham’s book is the idea of the value of older adults and their influence on younger generations. Society seems to have lost respect and reverence for those who are elderly and this view is sometimes even seen in older people themselves. Graham shows there isRead MoreGlobalization of Eating Disorders1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe Globalization of Eating Disorders Eating disorders are a huge problem across the nation. Some of these disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia-nervosa, binge eating, and body dysmorphic disorder. Anorexia is a disorder in which subject obsesses about food and how much they eat, while a Bulimic person eats an excessive amount of food, then purges. People affected by these disorders are obsessed with food however; they do not want the calories, so they eat as much as they can, then throw itRead MoreAndrew Carnegie And The Gospel Of Wealth957 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough poverty. After coming up with crafty investments and going through various jobs, he rose to great prosperity. Because he has experienced poverty and knows that it is a well-known problem, â€Å"Carnegie sought to use philanthropy to provide opportunities for individuals to help themselves.† Unlike Carnegie, William Graham Sumner (1840-1910), an influential professor at Yale University, believed that those who were rich deserve to be rich an d those who were poor deserved to be poor. He was in favor of

Symptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes - 1390 Words

Sarah Jo Abbinanti MED 2056 FTVN036 Diabetes Mellitus Ms. Evelyn Sadsad August 21, 2015 As America’s 7th leading cause of death, Diabetes is steadily rising as a consequential result to the contagious sedentary lifestyle involving a very poor diet lacking in nutritional value and an increase in sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Many contributing risk factors are prevalent and attribute to the expanding number of the population who acquire diabetes. Signs and symptoms of Type I and Type II diabetes can be a distinguishing factor of the disease. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can be compared and contrast in many different manners as can the differences of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNKA). Thankfully, with medical technological advances, diabetic sufferers have many medications and treatments available to help control the symptoms. Complications may arise with this disease if the patient isn’t compliant in adhering with the nursing care plan given. Being diagnosed with diabetes is the first step into the ri ght direction of a long-term care plan. Type I diabetes, or better known as Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), was commonly known as Juvenile Diabetes. It occurs as a result of the body attacking the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas, but is unknown as to why this happens (Mandal, 2013). Usually diagnosed in children and young adulthood, NIDDM affects theShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Symptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1058 Words   |  5 PagesHector Bustillos June 21, 2015 FCS 247- Nutrition Diabetes As young kids we learn from our family environment self-care behaviors, including diet and physical activity. As of 2014, there are 29.1 million people in the world that are diagnosed with diabetes. (2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report) Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body produces insulin, which then affects your blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where someone does not produce insulin at allRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1442 Words   |  6 Pagespeople sweet treats can be a true indulgence, but for others this could mean the difference between life and death. Those people have to watch everything they eat and how much sugar they take in because they have a chronic illness called diabetes. â€Å"When you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its own insulin as well as it should.† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2015) Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that is located near the stomach andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1485 Words   |  6 Pageswith diabetes, and 86 million are living with pre-diabetes, a serious health condition that increases a person’s risk of type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. â€Å" (Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2016) Diabetes is a crippling disease that has complications that can drastically change a once normal life, but the appropriate medical and nutritional therapy can help to manage and reduce the risk of developing such complications. â€Å"1.4 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes everyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes904 Words   |  4 Pageshave been diagnosed with diabetes,either type one or type two(CDCP). Diabetes has become a well known disease because more people are either getting diabetes or know someone who has it. There is a lot of information people get mixed up with the two different types. Type one diabetes causes one’s pancreas insulin cells to stop working and no longer produce insulin which your body needs to survive. Type two diabetes is not as severe as that. The pancreas still works, but diabetes is from either being overweightRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes2337 Words   |  10 PagesDiabetes is one of the most common diseases, in which the person has high blood glucose, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both (Diabetes with Intranasal Light Therapy – (Mediclights Re search Inc, 2016). People with diabetes are at risk for long-term problems affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, feet, and nerves. The best way to prevent or delay these problems is to control your blood sugar and take good careRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1349 Words   |  6 Pagesrenal pelvis, clubbing, dilation and distension of tortuous megaureter DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL PRESENTATION7 †¢ History ââ€"‹ The patient may be asymptomatic, complain of voiding symptoms (e.g., urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia), recurrent urinary tract infections or bladder spasm (intense involuntary contraction of the bladder) ââ€"‹ Symptoms in children are vague and generalized in nature (e.g., don t feel good) ââ€"‹ Fever, chills if urinary tract infection is present ââ€"‹ Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain orRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes729 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a condition characterized by the presence of sugar in the urine, due to malfunction of pancreatic cells. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease and is characterized by elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) over 100 mg / l. The disease affects all ages and can be classified as follows: a) Type I or insulin-dependent, more common in children and young people; b) Type II or non-insulino-dependent, in mature people over 40 years. Diabetes occurs due to several causes: *PancreaticRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1132 Words   |  5 PagesOne morning I went to work i was assigned to be Mr. C nurse. Mr. C was admitted in the med-surg/ telemetry unit two days before I was assigned to care for him. He was a 52 year old male with a new diagnosed of type II diabetes. He had history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He was admitted for ketoacidosis. As per the emergency room report, his blood glucose was more than 450 mg/dl when he came there. He was placed on intravenous fluid normal saline at 125 ml/hour. He was also placed onRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesStudent: Vu Le SOAPE NOTE (Diabetes Case I) Subjective: 1. Chief Complaint: CO is a 57 year old white man who comes into the clinic with a chief complaint of feeling weak. 2. History of Present Illness: The patient comes into his primary care physician office complaining of feeling weak. He tells the doctor that he feels tired after doing normal activities; as well as, feeling more thirsty and hungry. Also, he said that he has noticed that his has gained about ten pounds within this past half yearRead MoreDiabetes : Symptoms, Causes, And Treatments1528 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is diabetes? Diabetes, also referred by doctors as diabetes mellitus, in simple words meaning people have too much sugar in their blood stream, or in medical terms, high blood glucose (blood sugar). The reason why people have diabetes because people’s insulin production is not enough, or because their body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or in some cases, both could be the case. Patients with high blood sugar will most likely experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will

Critical Analysis of Efficacy Psychiatric - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis of Efficacy Psychiatric Disorders. Answer: Introduction: Mental illnesses have always been treated with a raised eye, a societal taboo that has been judged in a million different ways, all of them more wrong than the one before. In the face of the technological innovations and progressive modernization, mental illnesses are still treated as an abomination rather than being just a health disorder in need of proper treatment (Schildkrout Frankel, 2016). Medical sciences however has done a lot to improve the treatment availabilities and care for the unfortunates dealing with any kind of mental disorders, however there still are many inadequacies left behind for their treatment. In any kind of health related disorder the journey of treatment begins with a prognosis, it is vital for your medical practitioner to diagnose your health care concern based on the abnormalities or symptoms so that he or she can progress with your treatment to address those concerns (Schildkrout Frankel, 2016). Mental disorders are no exception to that, a logical, precise and clinically reasonable diagnostic procedure is the pivotal pedestal. However the question is whether the diagnostic procedures meant to help the individuals dealing with mental disorders are really concerned with helping out the mentally disabled or are they just another tool for stigmatizing the unfortunates. This essay will attempt to criticize the existing psychiatric disorders and their efficacy in actually helping the patients of mental disability rather than addng to the social labelling and stigmatizing (John Saeed, 2016). A diagnosis can be defined as the initial step towards delivering medical treatment and has a number of different purposes; it provides the clinical practioner with the relevant information about the patients and allows the prognosis to develop scientifically according to the needs of the patient (John Saeed, 2016). It has to be considered that each patient has varying needs irrespective of the labelling of disorders. However the diagnostic procedures for the different mental disorders are heavily lacking in modern techniques and advancements and are no longer viable for the scientific treatment procedure. Various studies suggest that there are various gaps and loose relationships between diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry. Lucy Johnstone in her book titled critical issues in mental health has explained how the labels used in psychiatry are vague and vastly misleading (Johnstone, 2000). She has explained how the medical sciences are yet to discover any biochemical abnormalities in the brain tissues that can relate to any particular mental disease, nor is the genetic predisposition very clear to the medical sciences (Campinha-Bacote, 2017). In such a condition a diagnosis on one hand can provide the label that the patient will need to seek the medical regime but on the other hand that label is vague and stigmatizing in the society. Moreover the different diagnostic procedures vary vastly across different regions hence the diagnostic labels are misleading as well (Johnstone, 2000). The inadequacy of the formal psychiatric diagnostic procedures is also supported by Sami Tamimi in his article on viability of the age old formal psychiatric diagnostic measures in The face of modern and technologically advanced medical science (Timimi, 2014). The author in his article has beautifully explained how the invalid and inadequate age old conventional diagnostic procedures have only aided in escalating the stigmatizing and discrimination in the society rather than aiding in the treatment procedure of the mentally ill patients (Anderson, Nordstrom, Wilson, Peltzer-Jones, 2017). The author suggests that despite all the technological advances and improvisations to the medical science have not made any modifications to the rusty old diagnostic modules for psychiatry. The diagnostic manual still lacks any physical tests or biological markers that can be correlated to the pathophysiological subjective assessment based on which he will construct the prognosis (Timimi, 2014). It has to be considered that there still have not been any discoveries of biological or psychological markers that identify different mental disorders and can characterize them, unlike the rest of the disciplines that have diagnostic procedures that are heavily linked to pathophysiology and etiological findings (John Saeed, 2016). The author has further commented on how popular diagnostic manual like that are used abundantly in the psychiatry cannot provide any link between the diagnostic procedures with etiological processes (Timimi, 2014). Moreover the validity of the diagnostic procedures concerned with the psychiatric procedures is questionable. The validity and viability of a diagnostic procedure is based on how effectively it can explain and characterize a naturally occurring abnormality though substantial data that can be standardized (Wigney Parker, 2010). In case of psychiatric diagnoses, the lack of any physical tests utilizing any biochemical or physiological markers eliminates any chance for it to be viable or valid. This phenomenon can be further established by discussing about the number of diagnoses a mental patient generally receives (Anderson, Nordstrom, Wilson, Peltzer-Jones, 2017). In case of any health care related emergency a single precise diagnosis is enough to determine and construct the prognosis in case of the rest of the medical disciplines. However, in case of psychiatric disorders the mental patients receive multiple diagnoses in the majority of the cases which seriously questions the viability of the each of them in the first place (Timimi, 2014). More often than not the reliability of the diagnostic procedures associated with the psychiatry varies among different practitioners. Studies suggest that most of the common diagnostic procedures associated with the primary mental disorders are invalid due to the immense amount of disagreements in different psychiatrists over the key symptoms. Hence the diagnostic procedures along with being highly backward and nonviable are not reliable as well (Lakeman Cutcliffe, 2016). With so many misgivings of a medical diagnostic procedure one might raise a question as to whether the psychiatric diagnoses are even scientific or not. A wonderful article by Jose de Leon questions the scientific basis of psychiatry in intricate details, incorporating facts and data that provide valid information negating the age old notion of psychiatry being as connected to science (De Leon, 2013). The author very clearly questions the lack of statistical data backing the psychiatric medical practice and has deemed psychiatry to be scientific only if we consider the limitations of science largely. The major controversies around the scientific basis of psychiatry arose with the emergence of DSM5 established by the high and mighty American Psychiatric Association (De Leon, 2013). Many of the researchers have declared psychiatry to be completely out of scientific context due to the vast lack of validity and relative connection between the diagnosis and treatment outcome. However, her e the author guides the readers to find the intersection between psychiatry, science and medicine before declaring psychiatry to be completely unscientific (De Leon, 2013). Jose here explained psychiatry to e a hybrid discipline of science which is vastly run by the methodologies of medical science and concepts of social science it has to be considered that the history of psychiatry has seen multiple changes in the human society and living and the impact of all those changes have structured the human psyche of today and has great implications to the psychiatric theories (Sidhu, 2016). He has clearly articulated the problems that are prevalent in the realm of psychiatry that restricts it to be as compatible to science and statistics as the rest of the medical disciplines. The author suggests that human mind is complex and it does not play by the hard and fast rules, every individual is different and their disorders have different stories and triggers behind them, and this differential data often does not fit to the medical models (De Leon, 2013). It has to be understood that the a psychiatrist may need to use the scientific procedures along with the social and personal understanding of the situation of the patient before they can decide what prognosis fits them bet n accordance to the mental disorder they are dealing with (Brodwin, 2014). Hence in the world where science is treated as the ultimate source of truth, psychiatry has a lot of restrictions to fall through the yes or no model of the rest of the medical sciences (Gruber, 2008). Now one might raise a question that psychiatry being a medical science can it not modify itself to a more scientific and statistical grounds of practice. The author has answered this question by listing the limitations of the current scientific approach within psychiatry. In the light of the a lack of any biological marker that can link psychiatric diagnosis to treatment outcome, the first and foremost cause behind this inadequacy that comes to mind is the lack of proper technology (Van Os, 2010). However there are a lot more confounding factors, the author has declared the inadequacy and restrictions of the psychiatric language to be the major reason behind the limitations of the current psychiatric practice. It has to be considered that application of scientific methodology to psychoanalysis presents a conundrum, and that delimits the scope of psychiatry in general (Wigney Parker, 2010). Various studies have agreed to the view of Jose that the limitations of the psychiatric language is a major reason why the psychiatry could not align itself to the scientific models that the rest of the medical disciplines so accurately do (Campinha-Bacote, 2017). However there are other limitations as well, it should not escape notice that the science of psychiatry has to deal with the differential complexities of human minds, most of which is still a mystery to the scientific biomedical researches (Wand, 2013). As mentioned above the different individuals have different mind sets and the mental disorders one faces can due to triggers that are completely different from another one. And if we consider medical science to be a phenomenon of cause and effect, how can psychiatry follow the strict and unbending models of medical sciences with so many confounding variables to consider (Goldfried, 2013). However, the question remains whether the psychiatric diagnoses are scientifically valid or not, the answer to that could be tricky. It is undoubtedly true that the methods of the age old diagnostic manuals are more stigmatizing to the patients rather than being very helpful, but they are not completely useless as well (Campinha-Bacote, 2017). In my opinion what the science of psychiatry n is discretion and modifications that can drag psychiatry towards a more positive health paradigm (Wyatt, 2009). The diagnostic methods for the psychiatry need to be more inclined towards labels that aid in the treatment outcomes and simplified decision making. The psychiatric diagnoses need to be reorganized keeping the current needs and complexities of the patient in mind so that the psychiatrists can engage the patient in the best biological treatment that is in accordance with the needs of the patient (Gruber, 2008). On a concluding note it can be said that the science of psychiatry is as different as the minds of humans it deals with are. Different humans have different thinking, different perception and have gone through varying experiences and grief. There can be no standard that can quantify the degree to which a traumatic experience can affect the mental sanity of an individual. Different situation affects different people with varying magnitude; hence there cannot be strict quantifiable data or benchmarks for psychiatry unlike the rest of medical sciences. On a similar note, Jose in his article has stated that if an individual judge the basics of psychiatry with the rules and regulations of natural sciences will not find it to be very scientific. It has to be considered that psychiatry is a discipline 150 years behind the so called science of medicine and has had to deal with mental and behavioural issues that can be more easily explained by social sciences rather than natural sciences. However if the psychiatric practitioners change their methods and tactics in a more patient centred way that can address the needs for different patient in a manner more receptive for that patient, psychiatry will come out of the dead end that it has approached. Bibliography Anderson, E. L., Nordstrom, K., Wilson, M. P., Peltzer-Jones, J. M. (2017). American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Task Force on Medical Clearance of Adults Part I: Introduction, Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines. Western Journal Of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care With Population Health, 235-242. Brodwin, P. (2014). The Ethics of Ambivalence and the Practice of Constraint in US Psychiatry. Culture, Medicine Psychiatry. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2017). Cultural considerations in forensic psychiatry: The issue of forced medication. International Journal Of Law Psychiatry, 501-508. De Leon, J. (2013). Is psychiatry scientific? A letter to a 21st century psychiatry resident. Psychiatry investigation, 205-217. Goldfried, M. R. (2013). What should we expect from psychotherapy? Clinical psychology review, . Gruber, H. (2008). Diagnostic inadequacies in the nursing home. Diagnostic Inadequacies in the Nursing Home, . 103. John, N. J., Saeed, S. A. (2016). Key Studies That Inform Clinical Practice: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Psychiatric Times, 33. Johnstone, L. (2000). Users and abusers of psychiatry: A critical look at psychiatric practice. Psychology Press. Lakeman, R., Cutcliffe, J. (2016). Diagnostic Sedition: Re-Considering the Ascension and Hegemony of Contemporary Psychiatric Diagnosis. Issues In Mental Health Nursing. Schildkrout, B., Frankel, M. (2016). Neuropsychiatry: Toward Solving the Mysteries That Animate Psychiatry. Psychiatric Times. Sidhu, N. . (2016). Ethics and Medical Practice: Why Psychiatry is Unique. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry. Timimi, S. (2014). No more psychiatric labels: Why formal psychiatric diagnostic systems should be abolished. nternational Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. Van Os, J. (2010). Are psychiatric diagnoses of psychosis scientific and useful? The case of schizophrenia. Journal Of Mental Health,, 305-317. Wand, T. (2013). Positioning mental health nursing practice within a positive health paradigm. International journal of mental health nursing, 116-124. Wigney, T., Parker, G. (2010). Medical student observations on a career in psychiatry. Australian New Zealand Journal Of Psychiatry, 730. Wyatt, W. J. (2009). Behavior analysis in the era of medicalization: The state of the science and recommendations for practitioners. Behavior analysis in practice, 49-57.

Symbolism of Albrecht Durer8217s 8220Master Engrav Essay Example For Students

Symbolism of Albrecht Durer8217s 8220Master Engrav Essay ings8221Albrecht Durer completed the â€Å"Master Engravings† in the years 1513 and 1514. With these three engravings (Knight, Death, and Devil, St. Jerome in His Study, and Melencolia I) he reached the high point of his artistic expression and concentration. each print represents a different philosophical perspective on the â€Å"worlds† respectively of action, spirit, and intellect. Although Durer himself evidently did not think of the three as a set, He sometimes sold or gave St. Jerome and Melencolia I as a pair.In the engraving, Knight, Death, and Devil, it appears that the hero (the Knight) is gaining a moral victory over death. (Fig. 1) The Knight has often been interpreted as Erasmus’s sturdy Christian soldier who scoffs at death and the devil as he goes about God’s work in his journey through life. The conception of the ‘Christian soldier’ embodies and ideal of manly virtue which the traditional instincts of the Germanic race, German mysticism and Northern versions of Renaissance ideals all contributed to form. The Horse is represented in full profile as to show off it’s perfect proportions; it is forcefully modeled so as to give its perfect anatomy and it moves with regulated step of the riding school so as to give demonstration of perfect rhythm. We will write a custom essay on Symbolism of Albrecht Durer8217s 8220Master Engrav specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fact that a beautiful setter is running by the side of the horse completes the picture of the Christian man as known to the Late Middle Ages – the man who armed with faith and accompanied by religious zeal, symbolized by the faithful hound goes on his way along the narrow path of earthly life menaced by Death and the Devil. From the gloom of this â€Å"rough and dreary scenery there emerge Death and the Devil. Death wears a regal crown and is mounted on a meager, listless jade with a cowbell; but he is even ghastlier in that he is not depicted as an actual skeleton but as a decaying corpse with sad eyes, no lips and no nose. Death also has snakes encircling his head and neck as he slides up to the Knight and tries in vain to frighten him by holding up an hourglass while the swine-snouted Devil sneaks up behind him with a pickaxe. Their failed attempt to capture the rider’s attention conveys the idea of unconquerable progress. The 1514 engraving of ‘St. Jerome in his Study’ is chronologically approximately in the middle of the group, but it shows the deepest penetration of the subject. (Fig. 2) The Saint has ceased to be a legendary figure and has become the symbol of learned existence and felicity.St. Jerome is working at the far end of the room, which in itself gives the impression of remoteness and peace. His little desk is placed on a large table which otherwise holds nothing but an inkpot and a crucifix. Engrossed in his writing, he if blissfully alone with his thoughts, with his animals, and with his God.The cell, which in previous versions was always more or less cave-like, cold and drear, has now become a warm, comfortable, Late Gothic study; the lion is now really a household pet, blinking peacefully, with a dog asleep at his side. The landscape element is restricted to the morning sun shining in at the window and intimated by the great gourd, transformed into a household plant. Even this harmless gourd has not escaped the attention of the learned seekers after hidden meanings. Wustmann disinterred the ‘Book of Nature’ by Konrad von Meggenberg, published in 1500, and with its aid explained the gourd as a ‘mellow, ideal fruit; the struggles of its period of bloom are forgotten and it is the symbol of the Saint who has renounced the world.’ The skull has been relegated to the windowsill, where it has no more importance than the books or the cushions. The slippers, pushed carelessly aside, give a pleasing suggestion of bachelor habits to the otherwise tidy room. The cardinal’s hat hangs on the wall and the gray head of the silent writer is encircled with a halo. .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .postImageUrl , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:hover , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:visited , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:active { border:0!important; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:active , .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288 .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e9edfbf00c839ac6edac301d1204288:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Diversity in Business Essay Everything breathes peace – even the little tablet bearing Durer’s monogram and the date is not standing upright, but is lying on the